Gold markets
International gold markets are located in such cities as Zurich, Hong-Kong, London, New York and Dubai. Strict requirements are imposed on rather few market participants. They are usually big banks and specialized companies, which have good reputation and credit standing. Spectrum of possible transactions on the international market is quite wide. There are no taxes or customs control. Large operations with precious metals are conducted 24 hours a day, which is provided by an extensive clients' network related to the gold market. The deals are not rigidly regulated: the rules are made by market participants themselves.

Domestic gold markets are the markets of one or several countries focused on local investors mainly. They are divided into open and regulated markets. Open markets are nearly all markets in Europe, for example, in Milan, Paris, Amsterdam and Frankfurt-on-Main. The regulated markets are located in the Third World countries. On domestic markets, the operations are mostly made with small bars and coins with national currencies being the means of payment.

Black markets can be found in some countries of the Asian region. Their emergence is stemming from the total governmental control of the operations with gold. Black markets co-exist with closed ones. A closed market is a form of a domestic market organized radically, where import and export of gold are banned; moreover, because of taxes’ rates, trading precious metals is not really profitable by the reason of the domestic prices exceeding the world gold prices.

Participants of gold markets

Gold miners

Primary gold is mostly provided by gold producers. They can be either small enterprises or big corporations. It is quite logical that the company’s influence on the market depends on the quantity of gold supplied by it. Consequently, other market participants pay special attention to the behaviour of the major gold producers.

Industry

Manufacturing and jewellery enterprises, as well as companies which deal with refining (gold clearing).

Exchanges

In some countries there are special sections on the largest exchanges which deal with precious metals trading and gold in particular.

Investors

Diverse interests of investors lead to various types of investments in gold-related assets. The most popular assets for gold market investors are CFDs.

Banking sector

National banks are the hugest operators on the gold market, they make rules. It should be mentioned, that active sales of reserve gold are not their main goal, but they demonstrate interest in active utilization of the reserves. The central banks have great influence on the market conditions, which became especially noticeable in the 1990-ies of the 20th century.

Intermediaries and dealers

Professional intermediaries and dealers on the gold market are specialized companies and commercial banks. They have one of the leading functions, as almost all gold goes to their hands at first.

Bullion market

The largest volume of operations with pure gold is carried out in London and Zurich. Firstly, the major part of all gold trading operations were conducted in London, which was facilitated by the deliveries of the metal from the British Commonwealth countries, mainly from the Republic of South Africa. They were attracted by the skillful organization of precious metals trading. Gold was transported from London to Continental Europe and then forwarded to the Far East.

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